Common Health Issues in Cattle and Their Management

Respiratory Health

Cattle are prone to respiratory problems because their lungs are relatively small for their body size — about the size of human lungs. Calves, in particular, may arrive with pneumonia due to stress, poor hygiene, or transport in bad weather. Pneumonia typically responds well to antibiotics such as Draxxin, but early detection is key.

Parasites: Lice, Mites, and Worms

External parasites like lice and mites, as well as internal worms, are routine challenges in cattle care. These can be prevented or treated with products such as Ivomec, Cydectin, pyrethrum powder, or Clean-Up II. Dewormers like Safeguard are also valuable and can be rotated with other products to prevent resistance. While cattle lice and mites are uncomfortable for the animal, they are not contagious to humans or other livestock species.

Juvenile Warts

Young cattle (under one year old) often develop juvenile warts. Small warts usually don’t require treatment and will resolve on their own within 4–6 months, leaving the animal immune afterward. Larger warts (grape-sized or bigger) may be removed or treated with a product like Wart Off. Warts near the eyes should be evaluated by a veterinarian. They are contagious to other cattle but generally harmless.

Ringworm

Ringworm is a fungal infection, not a parasite despite its name. It appears as bald patches with red, raised borders and is contagious to people and animals. Outbreaks are most common in spring when temperatures, humidity, and rainfall rise. Preventive care includes brushing away loose hair, keeping bedding dry, and ensuring animals have shelter. Active lesions can be treated by applying iodine or aloe vera gel for several days. Sunshine is also effective at killing the fungus. Always wear gloves and disinfect brushes or combs to prevent spreading it.

Pink Eye

Pink eye is a risk during fly season. Good fly control greatly reduces the likelihood of infection. A practical prevention tool is Vetericyn Pink Eye Spray. Training calves early to accept eye spray in exchange for treats makes management surprisingly easy. Spray at the first sign of irritation or crusting to keep eyes clean and prevent infection. Supplementing rations with kelp has also been shown to reduce susceptibility.

Scours (Calf Diarrhea)

Scours is a leading cause of illness in calves and requires careful attention. Severe cases (watery stool, blood) need immediate veterinary care, including isolation, fluids, and medication. Mild, sloppy stool can result from coccidiosis, stress, dietary changes, or contaminated water. If loose stool persists more than a few days, treating for coccidiosis with Corid is recommended. A product like First Arrival can also help calves cope with travel stress and dietary transitions.

Prevention is Key

Many health issues can be avoided with consistent management:

• Provide clean water and dry, sanitary living areas.
• Feed a steady diet of high-quality hay and balanced minerals.
• Brush regularly to monitor skin and coat health.
• Vaccinate annually with core vaccines, and consult your veterinarian for region-specific needs.